The new onset of egg putting to possess hens is affected by genotype, nutritional system reputation and you may ecological conditions. Regional breeds (white eggshell types-Padovana and you may Polverara; shaded eggshell breeds-Pepoi, Ermellinata di Rovigo, Robusta Maculata and you can Robusta Lionata) on the Veneto region, when you look at the Northern Italy, was indeed reared external regarding spring (6 days of https://internationalwomen.net/sv/estniska-kvinnor/ age; six WA) so you can autumn and you can winter. The latest start of putting ranged depending on the reproduce (22–28 WA): just the tinted eggshell breeds already been putting at the conclusion of summer/start of trip, regarding the presence off a turning down pure photoperiod, therefore the eggs production lasted for most weeks. In the 38 WA, phony white is actually gradually placed into the brand new photoperiod to get 14L:10D, at 42 WA, most of the half dozen types were installing. Getting hens reared outside, affairs among ecosystem, human anatomy time and you can nutritional conditions should be considered. The info towards effective give and you can eggs quality of brand new local breed hens are of help to your management of the fresh wild birds and also for an acceptable supply of eggs, for field and brooding throughout every season.
Abstract
The month of hatching and the rearing management, especially temperature and photoperiod, are important factors for pullets and hens reared outdoors. The yield performance and egg quality of dual-purpose chicken breeds from the Veneto region (Italy), Pepoi (PP), Ermellinata di Rovigo (ER), Robusta Maculata (RM) and Robusta Lionata (RL), with different adult body weights (ABW, kg, PP = 1.3; ER = 2.3, RM and RL = 3.1), were studied, using a factorial model (4 ? 2), considering breed and age (26–33 weeks, first age, summer–autumn, under decreasing natural photoperiod-on average, 12L:12D, and 42–53 weeks, second age, winter, under implemented photoperiod-14L:10D) as the main effects and interaction. The chicks hatched in spring, and they started laying at the end of summer/beginning of autumn. Significant ( p < 0.05)>
step 1. Addition
Over the past few many years, need for twin-goal chicken breeds might have been expanding, for both biodiversity and you may moral concerns. Considering the advances inside genetic developments getting produce efficiency for the hybrid hens accomplished by a number of breeding organizations all around the business , biodiversity is currently one of several key prices of durability having as well as farming . The newest moral affect animal passions try a deeper crucial concern, and therefore considers not only the newest rearing criteria of one’s birds however, as well as its management. The men out-of egg coating hybrids is slain once hatching, as they do not carry out the fundamental development and you will slaughtering top quality expected towards the business . Furthermore, hybrid broilers reveal of several physical difficulties, that don’t permit them to possess satisfactory well-are criteria, and you can totally free-range rearing possibilities is actually growing as they make it chickens to better reveal their absolute conduct [step three,4]. Inside the Italy, new Veneto region features an extended society out-of poultry reproduction, a few poultry breeds have been in existence for almost all centuries, plus the center of the very last century, specific dual-purpose purebreds were created using light- and you can brown-eggshell breeds . The initial reputation that distinguishes the latest types, based on the provider, ‘s the shade of the fresh eggshell, just like the chicken genotypes possess another phylogenetic resource, with advanced alone from the crazy Gallus genus shortly after domestication, and several looks properties differ between the two. Following group ideal by the Ghigi, for the 1905, the new home-based poultry types is split up into about three groups, based on its morphological, physiological and you may useful qualities . Discover breeds, which can be such crazy Gallus genus, demonstrating early increases and you will sexual maturity and a premier creation of eggs which have white eggshells. On the contrary, you’ll find types very unlike nuts Gallus , exhibiting delayed increases and you will sexual maturity, reduced eggs creation with brownish eggshells, and you can, in the third classification, discover advanced types, known as twin-mission breeds, and this reveal intermediate attributes, with more similarity on types belonging to the earliest otherwise next class . In fact, it is known that the types producing eggs with white eggshells enjoys human body development, an excellent metabolic character and you may anatomy a great deal more suitable for large eggs development than just brownish eggshell types. Which physiological position, really exhibited because of the white eggshell hybrids [eight,8], demonstrates that the newest mineral consumption is employed for many of your skeletal and you can muscle growth before onset of putting after which useful eggs production, avoiding battle to your taken nutrition between system invention and you may eggs development. Now, education, considering SNP array, genotyped many chicken types and hybrids across the globe to check the brand new genetic diversity ranging from and you will inside the populations towards the productive handling of poultry hereditary tips [nine,10]. Variations in hereditary diversity into the population had been found within very picked commercial layer traces and several African, South American and some local Far eastern and you will Eu types , along with particular Italian types .
